スルタン山脈周辺のアトラクション＆必見スポット - トップ17

The circular square covers Yalvaç's rich history page by page, serving as a guide through which the city explains itself. Entering the square, which resembles an open-air museum, through the covered entrance with columns on the north side, one enters a circular corridor with wide columns arranged at equal distances on either side. Information panels are placed on the columns on either side of the open-air corridor. The first panel describes the Tokmacık fossil site, with creatures that lived 8 million years ago and representing Yalvaç's earliest history. This is followed by the Sacred Site of Humans from the 4th century BC, the city of Antiocheia from the 3rd century BC, the Roman period, Byzantine period, Seljuk period, Ottoman period, and Republican period up to the present day. By using the front and back sides of the columns, a four-strip panel arrangement was created. The outer circle features a total of 24 panels on 12 pillars; the inner circle features 24 panels on 12 pillars, with a total of 48 panels, providing visual and literary expression. In the center of the square is a 25-meter-wide ceremonial area, and at its southern edge stands the Atatürk Monument. The monument stands proudly, clad in a kalpak, riding costume, and high-heeled boots.

Planted around 1200 and approximately 800 years old, the monumental plane tree stands 25.07 meters tall. Its trunk circumference is 10.25 meters, its diameter 3.26 meters, and its branches are between 7.50 and 15.80 meters long. The area where the plane tree stands, along with the nearby madrasa, hammam, and Devlethan Mosque, is also significant as the center and form of Turkish settlement during the Seljuk period. Çınaraltı, which remains a central location today, is a recreational area where people can sit and chat in the coffeehouses, admire the 12th-century Devlethan Mosque, and sip tea in the shade of the centuries-old plane tree. The site of the monumental plane tree was once a paved intersection. Later, it was closed to traffic, the ground leveled, and the surrounding landscape landscaped, transforming it into a historical square. Today, Çınaraltı is the first stop for tourists and visitors to Yalvaç, or a place for short breaks between the city's busy historical and natural history tours.

Beyond the City Gate the Decumanus Maximus begins. Fifty meters up this street there is the entrance to the theatre. Unfortunately little more than the semi-circular seating survives. It is rather difficult to get an idea of a typical Graeco-Roman building from its present condition. The blocks of the cavea (auditorium), diazoma (dividing corridor of the auditorium), kerkidai (climbing steps), entrances and the orchestra have been carried away for later period constructions in Antioch and in Yalvaç. Arundell observed that many blocks had been removed when he identified the theatre in 1833. The theater was built on a west-facing slope. It is a small theater with a capacity of approximately 5000 people. The theater has two caveas with single diazoma (horizontal corridor that divides the cave) and most of the seats of the upper cavea are missing and the structure is in a quite poor condition. The theater, which has entrances (parados) from the north and south, was closed by laying the southern entrance (its parados) on Decumanus Street in the late period. In the Hellenistic period, the theater's round planned orchestra was transformed into a semi-circle with the stage building built during the Roman Imperial Period. Only the basic sequence of the stage building could be preserved. The facade of the building, which was built in a rectangular form, was decorated with a frieze of bull heads carrying girland. (Friezes are exhibited in Yalvaç Museum garden.) The subsequent uplifting of the walls surrounding the orchestra with reused material shows that wild animals and gladiator games were played in the theater in the Late Periods. The gladiator reliefs in the city are in Yalvaç Museum. With the repairs and additions, the theater was used until late periods.

Nympheum (Monumental Fountain) Water was brought to the city from the source of Suçıktı in the Sultan Mountains, about 11 km to the northeast of the city. Water from the 1465 m high spring was reached to the Nympheum reservoir with a height of 1178 m with solutions (tunnels, canals and aquaducts) that were suitable for the condition of the land. According to the slope of the terrain, the tunnels constructed below 1 m underground are approximately 1 m wide and 1.5 m height. Only 200 meters of aquaducts have been preserved. 3000 cubic meters of water are distributed to the city on average daily. The fountain building, which was built in the form of a large "U", has a dimension of 27x11.76 m. The facade architecture carried with Corinthian capitals is decorated with sculptures and reliefs. The aqueducts and the fountain building should have been built during the early imperial period (1st century BC). The 30X150 m square in front of the fountain should be the area where human traffic is the most intense in daily life. The inscription of the Governor Diogenes, on the eastern edge of the square, indicates that it was used for political propaganda in addition to daily life.

Temple of Augustus and Sanctuary A temple dominating the Yalvaç plain was built by carving the bedrock by removing the soil of the highest hill of the city. The lower floor (naos) of the cella is completely made of bedrock and the temple is prostylos style with four columns. Ribbed and drum columns are Corinthian heading. The frieze of the bull heads carrying girland was carved on the architrave with three fascia. An acanthus frieze surrouds the upper part of the cella wall. The perimeter of the temple area, which is entered from the propylon, is surrounded by a Doric stoa. The stoa, which is a single storey on the sides, has two storeys in the section forming a semicircle behind the temple. The rectangular nests in the rock are the places where the beams of the second floor are placed. The second floor of the stoa is in lonic order. This area and temple, where traces of the oldest beliefs of Anatolia are seen, were reorganized for the Emperor Augustus during the Roman Imperial Period

History of The City The city was colonized by the Seleucid Dynasty in the Hellenistic Period (beginning of the 3rd century BC) and was given the name of the Seleucid king Antiochus. The name and the location of Antiocheia before the Hellenistic period hasn't been known. However, the Temple of Men and the Sanctuary which was located in Gemen Grove has documented the pre-classical period of Antioch. Numerous mound settlements around Antiocheia prove that the city's history dates back to the Neolithic Period. The city remained under Seleucid rule until 188 BC and passed to the kingdom of Pergamum with the peace of Apameia and since 129 BC it has been included in Roman territory. The city, which was renamed Colonia Caesereia with the Roman Imperial Period, was granted the right to be lus Italicum (free city) and became the capital of other Roman colonies established in Pisidia. After 395 A.D, the city remained under the rule of Eastern Rome and it was destroyed by the Arab raid in 713.

St. Paul, together with Saint Barnabas, had come to the city in 46 A. D., and gave his first official sermon in a synagogue in this city. After this visit, due to two more visits of St. Paul to this city, it gained an importance for both church and Antiocheia Christianity world.

Great Basilica (St. Paulus Church) The church in the west of the city measures 70x27 m and has three naves with a Basilical plan. 13 columns from the narrow naves on both sides separates the middle nave. The outer surface of the semicircular apse is surrounded by a hexagonal wall. The building is designed for sloping terrain and solutions are produced according to the condition of the area. Due to the slope of the land, the apse of the church is two-storey and the other parts are single-storey. The rocks on the south side were straightened by shaving and the south wall was built over these rocks. Between the south wall and the north of the church there are quite a lot of elevation differences. Apart from the main entrance at the Narthex, there is also a large entrance door from the courtyard in the north. The entrance of the lower floor is in the south corner of the apse. A large courtyard was built to the north of the church with a stone floor and covered its surrounding with a stoa.