グウィネズの洞窟・トップ12

Penrhyn Castle’s dominant stone façade belies more than its internal red-brick construction. Built in the early 19th century, its formidable architecture, opulent interiors and art collection draw on a long history of sugar and slate fortunes, social unrest and the longest-running labour dispute in British history. Owned by the Pennant family, Penrhyn is a prime example of how wealth derived from slavery has shaped Welsh buildings and local labour history. Richard Pennant, a staunch anti-abolitionist, used his fortune – acquired from slave-owning sugar plantations in Jamaica – to fund roads, railways, schools, hotels, workers’ cottages, churches and farms in North Wales. The Penrhyn Slate Quarry and Port Penrhyn, founded by the Pennants, dominated the Welsh slate industry for almost 150 years. Penrhyn Castle’s vast rooms, rich neo-Norman architecture and opulent furnishings are steeped in this colonial history. Penrhyn Castle is situated on the Menai Strait, with the peaks of the Eryri (Snowdonia) in the background, overlooking the quarry and harbour from which the slate was exported all over the world. It is surrounded by wooded and open parkland, ideal for exploring, and a walled garden that predates the castle and provides a peaceful haven for relaxation. (National Trust)

Llewellyn's protecting castle for his lands on his southern border.

The two king’s statue

A great place to watch the sunset

Harlech Castle is a striking medieval fortress and classified UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was built in the 13th century by Edward I. It overlooks the town of Harlech and the stunning Snowdonia mountains.

Against stiff competition from Conwy, Caernarfon and Beaumaris, this is probably the most spectacular setting for an Edward I castle in North Wales. All four are recognized as World Heritage Sites. Harlech was completed from ground to battlements in just seven years under the guidance of the gifted architect Master James of St. George. The classic 'walls within walls' design makes optimal use of the difficult natural defenses. Even when the castle was completely cut off by Madog ap Llewelyn's rebellion, it held strong – thanks to the 'Way from the Sea'. Via this path of 108 steps, which climbed steeply up the rock face, the besieged defenders could be supplied with food and drink by ship. Harlech is easier to conquer these days. You can enter this amazing castle via an incredible 'floating' walkway. (Cadw Wales)

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Criccieth Castle overlooks Tremadog Bay on the Llŷn Peninsula in North Wales. It was built in the 13th century and remains in remarkably good condition. It's well worth looking inside, although there is a charge, and you can learn about its history from boards. As you might expect, it's blessed with absolutely fantastic views.